cat /proc/mdstat gives me:
md1 : active raid5 sdi1[4](S) sdh1[2](F) sdg1[1] sdf1[0]
5860145664 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/2] [UU__]
The history of this array is that it was a functioning RAID5 array, that wasn't really being used. I pulled one of the disks out for other uses temporarily, then wiped it and returned it, the idea being that it was returned to the array as a "new" disk to replace the "failed" (removed) one, albeit that it was actually the same disk.
This is the RAID array that's been causing problems via a USB caddy (I now have a cheap SATA card that seems to work reliably).