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Re: [ALUG] When did this start?
by Phil Ashby 03 Jun '21

03 Jun '21

On 01/06/2021 12:00, Bill Hill <mail(a)wbh.org> wrote: > > Just been re-zapping a RaspberryPi and noticed that / has: > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 4 22:45 bin -> usr/bin/ > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 4 22:45 lib -> usr/lib/ > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 4 22:45 sbin -> usr/sbin/ > > When did bin lib and sbin become links, and what's the rationale? Is > this from Debian? > This was enlightening, and it's been a thing for several years outside Debian / Raspbian it seems (it arrived with systemd and majority use of an initrd to mount the rootfs). https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/266517/why-is-bin-a-symbolic-link-… Phlash.

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When did this start?
by Bill Hill 31 May '21

31 May '21

Just been re-zapping a RaspberryPi and noticed that / has: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 4 22:45 bin -> usr/bin/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 4 22:45 lib -> usr/lib/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 4 22:45 sbin -> usr/sbin/ When did bin lib and sbin become links, and what's the rationale? Is this from Debian? -- Red to red, black to black, switch it on, but stand well back.

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Thunderbird problem
by Bev Nicolson 12 Mar '21

12 Mar '21

I use Thunderbird as a client for 4 email addresses. From yesterday, it's begun taking an age to log in to one POP server. It gets there eventually, and no error messages come up, but it would be great to sort it out. I've cleared the cache but that hasn't helped. Ideas? Bev.

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How to check if a cron.daily job has run?
by Chris Green 12 Mar '21

12 Mar '21

I run a daily backup on four systems. It's a bash script called 'backup' (original eh?) which is in /etc/cron.daily and thus gets run by Anacron in the early morning. I need to check that the backup has run somehow as, very occasionally, the backup system's USB disk 'falls asleep' and as a result any attempt to access it just hangs. Thus the rsync backup job doesn't fail (and produce an error message) it just never returns. So how can I check and get an error message if this happens? The next day is soon enough, it's not an urgent problem, I just need to know if my daily backups are working. However this needs to be 'no message means it has worked', message only if it has not worked. -- Chris Green

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Rust in Norwich
by Patrick Laslett 08 Mar '21

08 Mar '21

Hi All, Does anyone know how I find coders in Norwich familiar with Rust. Thanks in advance. Yours, Patrick

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spamassassin and bayes db
by Jenny Hopkins 08 Mar '21

08 Mar '21

Hello, I might need to join the spamassassin mailing list for this Q, but just in case anyone here can help first: I've got a mail set-up where exim4 hands mail to spamassassin before delivering to mailboxes local on the server. Users put any missed spam into missed-spam folders, and misfiled ham into missed-ham folders, and a cron job runs regularly to allow sa-learn to run learning from these folders. The problem is - it says it is learning, but it isn't. It is letting through handfuls of the same spam over and over. It's as if SA is running without paying any attention to the bayes-db, which would be weird as that is what I thought was a core integral part of spamassassin. Am I missing something in the basic setup? An example header of a missed spam shows something like: X-Spam_report: Spam detection software, running on the system "example.co.uk", has NOT identified this incoming email as spam. -then a few lines further down: 3.5 BAYES_99 BODY: Bayes spam probability is 99 to 100% [score: 1.0000] 0.2 BAYES_999 BODY: Bayes spam probability is 99.9 to 100% [score: 1.0000] Any ideas? It's driving me nuts. Thanks, Jenny

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How to disable headphones mic autodetection?
by B D 02 Mar '21

02 Mar '21

Hi All, I know this might be a bit too late, as we are all supposedly finishing with lockdown, so no more online meetings and video calls but it really bugs me. Whenever I connect headphones to my Linux Mint, pulseaudio forces use of headphone mic (which does not exist). This disables internal microphone and I have to go to sound hardware selection to change to internal mic array. Same happens on my kids laptops running Mint 20.1 (my is Mint 19.3). I think there is a priority setting somewhere in pulseaudio config which should allow to 'lock' mic to the internal array but I thought I'll ask first. Cheerio! Bart

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What's running at midnight?
by steve-ALUG＠hst.me.uk 02 Mar '21

02 Mar '21

Hi folks, My *buntu server runs a mail server. At 00:00 on some days, it complains that it can't reach the spam analyser or the virus analyser, despite the fact that they're still running and always have been, as far as I can tell. Other than stopping up to see what's running at midnight, is there a way of monitoring what's running at a particular time. I know you can see what's slowing things down at boot time using "system-analyze blame", or using pybootchartgui. Is there a way to do something like this around midnight? Also, of the top of your collective heads, can you think of any services update or hog processor at 00:00. How are scheduled tasks started, so I can have a root around and see what's happening? I can think of various ways. 1) A program (daemon) can constantly run, and may update at a specific time. 2) crontab 3) "at" perhaps. Any others? Any comments or advice appreciated. Steve

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DNS issues
by Mark Rogers 22 Feb '21

22 Feb '21

I have an Ubuntu 18.04 server running VirtualMin. I logged in today to do routine updates to discover it has lost its ability to resolve DNS queries. The server otherwise seems fine but I can't update it. /etc/resolv.conf tells me that it's using 127.0.0.53 for DNS, which is systemd-resolvd. systemd-resolve --status lists no nameservers, which will be where my problem is, but I work out where that information should come from. I temporarily set Google DNS in resolv.conf and did the updates, but a reboot restored the 127.0.0.53 DNS configuration (as expected) and the problem is back. I *think* VirtualMin is a red herring (it's not used for much and I've been planning to decommission it for years but not today!), and in any case it's just a glorified configuration tool with a GUI so any relevant settings should still be hiding under /etc somewhere, but where I have no idea. Suggestions? -- Mark Rogers // More Solutions Ltd (Peterborough Office) // 0844 251 1450 Registered in England (0456 0902) 21 Drakes Mews, Milton Keynes, MK8 0ER

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sequential numbering app?
by Phil Thane 09 Feb '21

09 Feb '21

Hello, Anyone know if this exists or would anyone like to create it? (Not seq command, won't do what I want, I don't think). Read on... I'm the membership sec of GOBA (Great Ouse Boating Assoc). We've just launched a new website using WP and sundry plugins. Central to things is Paid Memberships Pro which allows new members to join or existing ones to renew online. PMP allows users to specify their own username and password. BUT, under the previous regime and going back to the dark ages (pre internet) GOBA assigned each member a membership number, and just to make life more difficult didn't just use a straightforward sequence. Each 'number' is actually alphanumeric based on initial letter of the member's surname, then the next number available in that sequence. Thus I'm T596 and there is one person after me T597 but in the S list there are over 1200 (too many Smiths). Two things make this a nuisance. First, we imported data from the previous system into PMP and had to choose a field to be the key ID. PMP would prefer this to be an email address but many members joined long before they had email and have never updated their details to include it. The one field they all did have was a membership number, so for all previous members Username = Membership number. Secondly GOBA is full of people who don't like change, they want us to convert new members with their personalised username into the 'traditional' system. That's do-able via the WP dashboard but a bit of a pain. Finding the last number issued on a particular sequence involves inspired guesswork and wildcard searching. I believe a previous membership sec had an app on an ancient version of Windows that kept a log of the last issued numbers so he just input an initial letter and got back the number. Obviously I'd have to find 26 last issued numbers manually to get started but subsequently it'd be a lot easier. So, anyone know of a Linux app that would help? Or is anyone able to script something? It doesn't have to be pretty, just idiot-proof. Or is there anyone with infinite patience who'd like to teach an old dog a new trick? My experience of scripting and programming is very limited and has rarely ended well but I'll give it a go with some advice. -- Phil Thane www.pthane.co.uk Tweet @pthane 01767 449759 07582 750607

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Testing reliability of Internet connection
by Mark Rogers 09 Feb '21

09 Feb '21

What is the best way to test the reliability of an Internet connection? I am getting lots of dropouts on things like Zoom meetings or Netflix, but a speed test is always healthy (typically close to 200Mbps on my Virgin connection). But speed isn't everything - a stop-start connection with lots of gaps can still get a high average speed. Problem is I don't even know what to search for! Ideally a simple "here's a rating" tool but happy to get my hands dirty if needed, eg if there are things I could monitor with Wireshark or whatever. I have an important meeting tomorrow and at the moment I'm going to struggle to take part! -- Mark Rogers // More Solutions Ltd (Peterborough Office) // 0844 251 1450 Registered in England (0456 0902) 21 Drakes Mews, Milton Keynes, MK8 0ER

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PulseEffects Audio
by Phil Thane 27 Jan '21

27 Jan '21

hi, Long ago on a previous distro I used to use PulseEffects to enhance the audio output on my desktop. Until recently I wasn't able to get it working on Mint (Cinnamon) but now with a new repository it does, sort of. The GUI opens OK and the various options seem to switch on/off OK (previously everything was greyed-out and not working at all) but if I switch off 'Global Bypass' I get horrible distortion unless all the settings are at default. With Global Bypass on of course everything is bypassed so fiddling with the sliders has no effect. All I want is a bit of bass boost. Any suggestions? -- Phil Thane www.pthane.co.uk Tweet @pthane 01767 449759 07582 750607

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cat docx files?
by Steve Mynott 22 Jan '21

22 Jan '21

For years I've used "catdoc" to cat old msword docs. Is there an equivalent command for docx? (I don't want to have to open libreoffice or whatever) -- Steve Mynott <steve.mynott(a)gmail.com> cv25519/ECF8B611205B447E091246AF959E3D6197190DD5

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Repairing/Copying Windows disk using Linux Tools - A bit OT
by steve-ALUG＠hst.me.uk 17 Jan '21

17 Jan '21

Greetings clever cloggses! Sprog's Windows laptop is occasionally saying "I have to reboot - disk error" "Check Disk" isn't really finding anything wrong. I used to be up to date with windows tools for fixing things, but now I'm out of date with Windows tools, though I'm up-to-date with Linux stuff. I'm wondering if likely that booting from Ultimate Boot CD and/or System Rescue CD and running fsck and proprietary disk check utilities (e.g. seagate's disk utility if the disk turns out to be a seagate) is a good idea. Is it possible to use DD to clone a windows hard disk, assuming the destination disk is bigger than the source. Once cloned, would the clone work as a bootable disk so I could swap out the damaged one and swap in the new one? Any advice appreciated. Anyone know a reputable computer fixer in the city? Thanks in advance. Steve

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Are VPNs really this complex to install and use?
by Chris Green 14 Jan '21

14 Jan '21

I'm looking at ways of connecting a small Linux system (a Beaglebone Black, but a Raspberry Pi is near enough) on my boat in France which is headless and behind a NAT WiFi (or 3G/4G) server to my home desktop or laptop so I can 'talk' to it. Currently I have ssh reverse tunnels set up by outward connections from the remote Linux system that allow me to ssh into the system. This works OK except that the marina WiFi it uses is a 'captive portal' system where you have to open a web browser and it pops up a login screen where you enter name and password before it connects you to the internet. The connection, once made, stays up for several weeks but when it disconnects for any reason there's no easy way to reconnect automatically, has to be a human being to do it. So, I'm considering getting a 3G/4G USB dongle to connect via the mobile network so I don't have to jump through the marina's WiFi hoops. I can continue to do my reverse ssh tunnel connection but everyone I talk to about this says a VPN is the answer. However I'm having a hard time seeing how to get this installed and working without a huge amount of effort. For example wireguard is supposed to be a simpler, easier alternative to OpenVPN but take a look at:- https://www.wireguard.com/quickstart/ It's horrible! It's do-able, I can understand all the stages but it's just not nice. Similarly VPN tutorials are full of misinformation, take a look at this one:- https://thishosting.rocks/how-to-set-up-openvpn-on-ubuntu/ It's rubbish! ... and all the others I've looked at are either similarly wrong or more complex than the wireguard one. Is VPN *really* this difficult? If so I'll stay with my ssh approach. -- Chris Green

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Unattended remote access - what ways are there to provide it?
by Chris Green 02 Jan '21

02 Jan '21

I have a Beaglebone Black (SBC like a Pi) on my boat in France that I want to be able to connect to using ssh, how can/should I do it? I have a number of possible solutions in mind but I won't give them here as that might prevent open and lateral thinking being applied. Speed is not an issue, a 2400 baud dial up connection would be sufficient. Security is not a big issue, there is no sensitive data on the Beaglebone Black. I guess it needs to be reasonably secure against misuse but thats all. It's inside the boat in a fairly secure marina so the hardware is safe enough. Cost is important, this isn't something I want to spend lots of money on. A solution costing £7/month seemed a bit expensive to me, I'm aiming at significantly less, one or two pounds a month is fine. The boat is moored in an urban environment, power is (fairly) freely available. When I visit the boat I have lots of time to do fairly complicated set-up if needed but once I've left it's totally inaccessible, it has to work totally unattended, there's no one to phone up and ask to 'press the reset' or similar. So, let your imaginations run wild and come up with some ideas! :-) -- Chris Green

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Backuping up gnome desktop settings
by Steve Mynott 31 Dec '20

31 Dec '20

I'm running Ubuntu 20.04 but with a customised desktop setup which is using gnome-session, the ubuntu dock and "move clock" extension (intended to fix the excesses of both Canonical and Gnome). I was quite happily running this on two systems but had to force power off on one because my screen wasn't responsive (screen res mode issues after running an emulator under wine). To my horror this broke many of my customisations, and I was unable to fix them via the Gnome Settings and Tweak Tool. I had to "rm ~/.config/dconf/user" in order to use Tweak Tool successfully which leads me to suspect that this (binary) file became corrupted. First Question: is it usual for this file to become corrupted? I can turn it into a human-readable form by "dconf dump /" it seems. Second Question: How can I regenerate the binary file "~/.config/dconf/user" from a copy of this dump? I don't want to manually do all the config if this happens again, and I'm unimpressed that gnome seems to lose its settings. -- Steve Mynott <steve.mynott(a)gmail.com> cv25519/ECF8B611205B447E091246AF959E3D6197190DD5

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email lunacy
by mick 30 Dec '20

30 Dec '20

Hi and Merry Christmas to all I am having a problem with my email server and would like some advice as to the best way forward. I have run my own SMTP server for about a decade now (beginning at bytemark, but now hosted with Hetzner - which /may/ be the problem). The server (at tap.rlogin.net) runs postfix and dovecot on debian 10 and uses a letsencrypt TLS certificate to transmit mail securely. The server has valid DKIM and SPF records and is not listed on any RBL at mxtoolbox.com. I have no problem sending email to any of the major email providers but recently I have had mail refused by two organisations. One is a small company which uses mimecast filters, the other is ntlworld.com (who use cloudmark). The rejections I receive are "hard" 550 refusals with messages referring to the respective filter mechanisms. I have, of course, contacted the companies using these filters and neither are interested in doing anything about it - they simply refer me to the respective filter providers. Here I enter the catch 22 world of email delivery in that I cannot send email to eiether cloudmark or mimecast - because they use their own products. This is a classic example of why RBLs are a bloody stupid idea, but hey. To make matters worse, the preferred feedback mechanism for both cloudmark and miimecast is via on-line feedback forms. Feedback to cloudmark vanishes into a black hole and I have never had a response from them. Mimecast's is even worse in that it doesn't actually work ("internal server error" would you believe). So I'm a bit stuck. I have resorted to sending email to them from a free GMX account I have, but I should not have to do that (and I still await replies anyway). So - I /believe/ (but have no proof) that the reason my mail server fails a "reputation test" is that it is on a network block used by many others, and which may include Tor servers for example. Certainly I have a Tor node on Hetzner (but on a different network block). It strikes me a simply lazy for any admin to block a whole range of addresses on the grounds that it /may/ contain problematic servers, but hey. admins can be lazy. The reason I am seeking advice here is that some of you also run email servers (or may have dome so in the past). Ideally I would like to continue to run my own server. I like the control and flexibility it gives me. But it is becoming increasingly difficult to do so in the face of the kind of opposition I see. I see only two options. 1. I find a new VPS provider which can guarantee that its network will not be blocked by lazy idiots and I move to them. or 2. I give up and move my email to a third party provider (such as Ionos) I am reluuctant to do 2 because apart from the loss of control, I would have to pay for each and every email address I use, and there are several, spread across (currently) four separate domains, there are often limits on the size of the emailboxes, or number of emails you can send, and there are also often limits even on the number of /aliases/ you can have. My current Hetzner server costs me less that three euros a month. I'd be willing to pay more (Bytemark used to cost me £12.00 a month) if I could be sure that I woudn't have to move again. Does anyone have a recommendation for a good VPS provider that would meet my requirements? If not, does anyone have a recommendation for a third party email provider that can accomodate multiple domains and email addresses without charging stupid amounts? Any and all advice gladly accepted. Best for the New Year Mick --------------------------------------------------------------------- Mick Morgan gpg fingerprint: FC23 3338 F664 5E66 876B 72C0 0A1F E60B 5BAD D312 https://baldric.net/about-trivia ---------------------------------------------------------------------

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Re: [ALUG] email lunacy
by Phil Ashby 25 Dec '20

25 Dec '20

On 24 Dec 2020 14:34:25 mick <mbm(a)rlogin.net> wrote: > Subject: [ALUG] email lunacy > ... > Does anyone have a recommendation > for a good VPS provider that would meet my requirements? If not, does > anyone have a recommendation for a third party email provider that > can accomodate multiple domains and email addresses without charging > stupid amounts? I operate a very similar setup (albeit with Exim not Postfix =), and have done so almost without incident for 20ish years. For the last 5 years I have hosted in Azure on a paid account with a fixed IP, who seem to be rather more trusted than the cheapest providers such as Hetzner. Prior to that I was sharing a physical machine hosted by Atomwide (small org), and I'm planning to switch back to an arrangement as described by Chris Green, hosting at home and using my ISP's relay, now that I have sufficient bandwidth locally (this was the only reason I had an external relay at all). It remains to be seen if they block outgoing mail for the various domains I support... testing TBD! Cheers, Phlash.

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Exim4 filtering
by Jenny Hopkins 20 Dec '20

20 Dec '20

Hello, I'm trying to make a global version of the .forward file for exim4, instead of each user having their own. I want this to send messages flagged as spam straight to that users spam box. To do this, I need to extract the user part of the email address. I've found this helpful line: # echo "john(a)somewhere.com" | cut -d@ -f1 john but can't work out how to put it in a format that exim will like. if $h_to: blah then save /home/$home/Maildir/.spam add 1 to n0 endif That "blah" need to extract the name from the header and set it as $home. Any hints welcome! Thanks, Jenny

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Ebay, Firefox and Linux?
by Phil Thane 26 Nov '20

26 Nov '20

Has anyone else come across this recently? I normally use FF but for the last couple of days the Ebay.co.uk website doesn't work properly, it just displays text and links, no images. I've did an online search and it appears to have happened to others in the past though I didn't see any recent examples. Various people suggested back in 2016 that it was OK on Chrome, so I installed Chromium and it does work on that, though it's a bit clunky, the images tear when scrolling. Does anyone know of any FF settings that might fix it? -- Phil Thane www.pthane.co.uk Tweet @pthane 01767 449759 07582 750607

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Re: [ALUG] Ebay, Firefox and Linux? (Mike Montgomery)
by Mike Montgomery 25 Nov '20

25 Nov '20

Hi. This has happened to me before. Turned out to be a DNS issue. Try a different name server. hth. Mike On 25/11/20 12:00, main-request(a)lists.alug.org.uk wrote: > Re: Ebay, Firefox and Linux? (Chris Green) >

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Changing a laptop disk drive (with MS Windows as well as Linux on it)
by Chris Green 26 Oct '20

26 Oct '20

What's the easiest way to change the disk drive in a laptop? I want to change the drive in a Thinkpad from a 240Gb spinning disk to a 480Gb SSD, both are SATA drives. The laptop has only one SATA socket. Can I simply connect both drives to SATA interfaces on another system and (very carefully!) us dd to copy from the old disk to the new one? Will this copy the boot sectors, the windows partitions and everything correctly? I know I'll need to resize the partitions after doing this but the alternative of recreating all the partitions from scratch and then copying the contents of each (there are four partitions I think) seems rather messy. -- Chris Green

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Why is anacron usually set up to only run checks from 07:00 to 23:00?
by Chris Green 24 Oct '20

24 Oct '20

I have a daily backup that is run by a script in /etc/cron.daily, this is thus controlled by anacron so that it gets run once a day even if the system isn't turned on all the time. I noticed that the backup gets run at about 07:30 and on checking how anacron is configured I notice that it only runs hourly from 07:00 through to 23:00. On modern systems this is configured by systemd (systemctl edit --full anacron.timer), on non-systemd systems there are other mechanisms but it still has the same configuration with anacron only being run from 07:00 to 23:00. Is there any reason that it's configured this way? In particular is there any downside to changing it to, say, 03:00 to 23:00? I can't really see any reason why one shouldn't schedule the anacron check *every* hour but maybe there is a reason for having an 8 hour gap. I want my backups run earlier so that there's less chance of me using the system when the backup is running so I have changed the systemd setting from "OnCalendar=*-*-* 07..23:30" to "OnCalendar=*-*-* 03..20:30". My systems are *mostly* turned on all the time but not absolutely always so anacron rather than cron is the best way to run the backups. -- Chris Green

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Gnome character applet
by Bev Nicolson 10 Oct '20

10 Oct '20

A while ago I expressed some frustration that there wasn't a character applet with Mint [Tessa] that included fractions etc. (I know you can use unicode but I've never found that method works for me.) Well I found the Gnome version in Synaptic today but I can't work out how to use it. By this I mean, how to find it in a menu or see it when I right click the panel so I can add one to the panel. I think I have enabled everything I should, and restarted this laptop just in case but nada. I have had a look at the Mint forum. Bev.

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